1. When the long-wave transmission line is under high-frequency conditions, when electromagnetic waves propagate along the transmission line, due to the short wavelength of electromagnetic waves, different phenomena will occur on the transmission line than when transmitting audio signals. It must be used. . When the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating along the transmission line can be compared with the geometric length of the transmission line, the transmission line at this time is usually called a long line. 1. There is uneven distribution of current and voltage on the long line: take a transmission line with a length of 10 meters, when high-frequency current is passed on the line (long line case), such as F = 150MHZ. People (wavelength) = 2 meters due to the short wavelength , The current in the transmission line has several periods of change, as shown in Figure A. Therefore, the current magnitude and direction at each point on the line are different at the same time; and at low frequencies (that is, in the short-term case) For example, the alternating current of F = 50HZ has an operating wavelength of 6,000 kilometers and a difference of 3,000,000.The same is the case that the current on the 10-meter long transmission line rarely changes and can be considered unchanged. 2. The long line is a distributed parameter system: for the long line, with the length of the transmission line or the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating along the line, there are distributed capacitance and distributed inductance parameters on the transmission line itself. And these distribution parameters have a great influence In the case of long wires, due to different wire lengths or different operating wavelengths, the transmission line itself will exhibit different impedances (capacitive reactance, inductive reactance, or pure resistance). On the short line, only the capacitor has the electric field, coil The magnetic field is generated only in the middle, and has nothing to do with the line length. 2. Transmission line with open terminal When the transmission line receives a signal, the electrical signal will propagate to the terminal at the speed of light according to the cosine distribution. Because the terminal is open, the signal cannot continue to propagate forward, and it will form a total reflection in the direction of the beginning, which is equivalent to A signal source is connected to the terminal of the transmission line so that the electrical signal propagates from the terminal to the beginning at the speed of light. Generally speaking, the electric wave propagating from the beginning to the terminal is called the incident wave; the electric wave reflected by the terminal is called the reflected wave. The reflected waves are all traveling waves. The so-called traveling waves here are the electric waves with the voltage and current in phase. The discussion of the transmission line also introduces the concept of a standing wave. The so-called standing wave is that the phase of the voltage and current is different and the phase difference is one-quarter wavelength, and the amplitude of the voltage and current is unevenly distributed. In the open-ended transmission line, there are both reflected waves and incident waves. Waves, reflected wave currents and incident wave currents have opposite phases, so there are standing waves on the transmission line, usually there are both traveling waves and standing waves on the transmission line, and traveling waves and standing waves are caused by incident waves and reflected waves. Because of the total reflection, the standing wave component of the open-ended transmission line is very large, so there is no energy transmission (the energy transmission is only on the line in the traveling wave state) .Assuming that the transmission line is lossless, then only Store energy in a certain period and release energy in another period. So for the signal source, it is a purely reactive load. The transmission line with an open circuit at the terminal has the following characteristics. When the transmission line is less than a quarter wavelength, it is The reactance is capacitive; when it is equal to a quarter wavelength, the reactance is zero; when it is greater than a quarter wavelength, the reactance is inductive; when it is equal to a half wavelength, it is purely resistive. 3. Transmission line with short-circuited terminal The transmission line with short-circuited terminal is opposite to the transmission line with open terminal. Its standing wave characteristic is that the incident current is in phase with the reflected wave current, and the incident wave voltage is in phase with the reflected wave voltage. Its impedance characteristic is less than a quarter The transmission line is inductive at one wavelength; purely resistive when it is equal to one-quarter wavelength; capacitive when it is greater than one-quarter wavelength; the reactance is zero when it is equal to one-half wavelength. In general, the terminals of the transmission line are connected to a load, and the load usually has both a resistance component and a reactance component.Therefore, part of the energy output by the signal source is absorbed by the load and the other part will be reflected back, so the uplink and the standing wave of the transmission line are simultaneously Coexistence, in order to further describe the distribution relationship between the upward wave of the line and the standing wave, we introduce several specific indicators: 1. Reflection coefficient: P = reflected wave amplitude / incident wave amplitude = transmission line characteristic impedance-load impedance / transmission line characteristic impedance + load impedance 2. Traveling wave coefficient: K = minimum voltage / maximum voltage = reflected wave amplitude-incident wave amplitude / reflected wave amplitude + incident wave amplitude. Because there are both incident and reflected waves in the transmission line, at any point on the transmission line The voltage is the sum of the amplitudes of the two waves. 3. Standing wave ratio: S = voltage maximum value / voltage minimum value. In summary, when the transmission line terminal is loaded, the transmission line input impedance has the following properties: 1. The equivalent impedance at the odd multiple of the quarter wavelength from the terminal on the transmission line is equal to the square of the characteristic impedance divided by the terminal load. 2. The equivalent impedance at a half-wavelength integer from the terminal on the transmission line is equal to the load impedance.
4. The general principle of the antenna When high-frequency current is passed through the conductor, an electric field and a magnetic field are generated in the surrounding space. According to the distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field in the space, it can be divided into a near zone, a middle zone, and a far zone. Let R be the space The distance between a point and a conductor, the area at R λ / 2π is called the near zone, and the electromagnetic field in this zone is closely related to the current and voltage in the conductor. The area of R》 λ / 2π is called the far zone. In this area, the electromagnetic field can leave the conductor and propagate into space. Its change will lag behind the current and voltage on the conductor for a period of time. The current and voltage on the wire are directly related, and the electromagnetic field in this area is called the radiation field. The transmitting antenna uses this property of the radiation field to make the transmitted signal fully radiate into the space after the transmitting antenna. How to make the conductor an effective radiator guide system? Here we first analyze the situation on the transmission line. In order to transmit only energy without radiation on the parallel double-line transmission line, it is necessary to ensure that the two-wire structure is symmetrical, the current and corresponding direction of the corresponding point on the line are opposite. And the distance between the two lines is π. To make the electromagnetic field radiate effectively It is necessary to destroy this symmetry of the transmission line.For example, the two conductors are separated at a certain angle, or one side is removed, and the method can destroy the symmetry of the conductor and produce radiation. As shown in Figure TX, the open-circuit transmission or the conductor at a distance of π / 4 from the terminal is separated in a straight line.At this time, the current on the terminal conductor is not in phase but is in phase, so that the radiation field of this section of conductor at the space point In-phase superposition. It constitutes an effective radiation system. This is the simplest and most basic element antenna, called a half-wave symmetrical dipole antenna, and its characteristic impedance is 75Ω. After the electromagnetic wave radiates from the transmitting antenna, it propagates to all four sides. Put a symmetrical vibrator in the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, under the action of electromagnetic waves, an induced electromotive force will be generated on the antenna vibrator. At this time, when the antenna is connected to the receiving device, a high-frequency current will be generated at the input end of the receiving device, so that the antenna will It plays the role of receiving and converts electromagnetic waves into high-frequency currents, that is to say, the antenna plays the role of receiving antenna at this time. In addition to the strength of the radio wave, the quality of the receiving effect also depends on the directionality of the antenna and the half-symmetrical vibrator and receiving Matching of equipment.
In-depth analysis of the first-level cache and second-level cache of the technical zone CPU eMMC mass burning dilemma, do you really know? Isolation flyback and non-isolated BUCK application design plan Schottky barrier diode selection and application guide How to use Altium in program design Designer puzzle?
Follow WeChat
Interesting and informative information and technical dry goods
Download Audiophile APP
Create your own personal electronic circle
Follow the audiophile class
Lock the latest course activities and technical live broadcast
Collect People collection
share it:
comment
Publish
related suggestion
Evolution and trend of mobile communication base station antennas
Now, the next generation of communication technology-5G has entered the end of the standard formulation stage, and major operators are also actively deploying 5G equipment. Needless to say ...
Published on 2018-04-08 11:09 •393 views
Huawei's first multi-probe spherical near-field SG178 test system
Mobile communication antenna application frequency bands are currently mainly concentrated below 6GHz. Mobile communication antennas are moving towards multi-frequency, multi-beam, active integration, smart ...
Published on 2018-04-02 11:44 •218 times read
Method for improving wireless performance of base station based on smart antenna solution
With the rapid development of trunking communications in China, the 600-pair frequency resources in the 800MHz band are becoming increasingly tense. In response to this situation, China ...
Published on 2017-12-13 11:14 •66 views
Introduction of various multi-antenna technology models
Multi-antenna technology refers to wireless communication technology that uses multiple antennas at the sending end or the receiving end, and is one of the hottest research technologies that have developed rapidly in the near future. use...
Published on 2017-12-10 03:37 •123 views
5G mobile phone antenna technology and process in detail! 5G is really coming
According to the work deployment of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China's IMT-2020 (5G) promotion group, and the 5G commercial plan of the three major operators, China will ...
Published on 2016-12-15 16:37 •7235 times read
Microwave millimeter wave passive antenna and device for point-to-point wireless communication system
With the development of modern radio technology, wireless communication systems have become more and more common in point-to-point information transmission. Compared with cable and optical fiber communication, microwave communication ...
Posted at 2014-08-12 15:11 •521 views
LDS technology to extend the antenna to the cover of 4G mobile phone
The new mobile phone antenna puts forward new requirements for antenna technology, and it also prompts the emergence of new technologies. Today we will introduce the most common LDS technology for everyone ...
Posted at 2014-08-05 11:34 •706 views
New slot-coupled dual-frequency RFID tag antenna
The application of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in logistics material distribution, manufacturing, and postal service has become quite common. ## Results and ...
Posted on 2014-08-05 09:33 •461 views
What is LDS antenna technology
LDS antenna technology is Laser-Direct-structuring technology, using computer ...
Posted at 2013-01-20 15:27 •1139 times read
NI's new microwave RF test solution debuts at the 7th International Microwave and Antenna ...
National Instruments (National Instruments, referred to as NI) from November 5, 2012 to ...
Posted on 2012-12-10 15:15 •492 times read
Antenna technology of "metal mesh element" for blood test element
Starting with the "2011 International Modern Hospital Exhibition" (July 13-15, 2011), medical exhibitions have been held successively in Japan in recent weeks. ...
Molex, the world's leading supplier of complete interconnect products, releases detailed information on its innovative antenna technology. MobliquA ™ antenna technology ...
Posted on 2012-03-29 08:33 •270 views
Multi-antenna technology in TD-LTE network
This article mainly introduces the definition characteristics, transmission mode, performance analysis, channel control coverage, application scenarios and international commercial situation of multi-antenna technology.
Posted at 2012-02-23 14:43 •3238 times read
Antenna Technology
Antenna Technology I. Long-line transmission line When the electromagnetic wave propagates along the transmission line at a high frequency, the ...
Published on 2009-10-21 19:05 •272 views
Antenna Technology
Antenna Technology 1. Transmission line with open terminal When the transmission line receives a signal, the electrical signal will be light ...
Posted at 2009-02-24 17:19 •260 views
[Photo] Basic knowledge of antenna
1 antenna
Posted at 2006-04-15 21:14 •862 views
var check_allow = "/d/Api/iscantalk.html"; var add_url = '/ d / article / write /'; function CheckLogin () {now_uid = ''; var ElecfansApi_checklogin = '/ webapi / passport / checklogin'; var logout_url = "{: U ('Login / logout')}"; var logout_url = 'http://bbs.elecfans.com/member.php?mod=logging&action=logout&refer=front'; $ .get (ElecfansApi_checklogin, function (data, textStatus) {if (data! = "") {EchoLoginInfo (data); CheckEmailInfo (data); data = $ .parseJSON (data); now_uid = data.uid; / * var login_content = 'write an article
'+ data.username +'
Quit '; * / var login_content =' write an article
'+ data.username +'
Set exit '; $ (' # login_area '). Html (login_content); var win_width = $ (window) .width (); if (win_width> 1000) {$ ("# mine"). MouseDelay (200) .hover (function () {$ ("# mymenu"). show ();}, function () {$ ("# mymenu"). hide ();});}} else {var content = 'Login Registration'; $ ('# login_area'). html (content); $ (". special-login"). click (function (e) {$ .tActivityLogin (); return false;});}});} $ (function () {// comment ------------------------------- var comment = $ ("# comment"); var comment_input = $ ("# comContent"); // Submit comment click event interaction $ ("# comSubmit2"). on ('click', function () {var content = comment_input.text (); // Empty input box comment_input. html (""). focus (); // Submit data to server $ .ajax ({url: '/plus/arcComment.php', data: {aid: $ ("# webID"). val (), dopost : 'apiPubComment', content: content}, type: 'post', dataType: 'json', success: function (data) {// Data format returned: if (data.status == "successed") {// Build temporary comment DOM var dom = ''; dom + = '
'; dom + =' '; dom + ='
'; dom + ='
'+ data.data.username +' '; dom + ='
'; dom + =' '+ content +' '; dom + =' '; dom + =' just now '; dom + =' '; dom + =' '; // insert a temporary comment to the list $ ("# comment ") .append (dom);} if (data.status ==" failed ") {// alert (data.msg); layer.msg (data.msg);}}}); return false;}); (function () {/ * * Insert single sign-on JS * / var setHost = 'https://passport.elecfans.com'; // Set domain name var script = document.createElement ('script'); script.type = 'text / javascript'; script.src = setHost + '/public/pc/js/t.passport.js'; script.setAttribute ("id", "sso_script"); script.setAttribute ("data-ssoSite", setHost); script.setAttribute ("data-ssoReferer", encodeURIComponent (location.href)); script.setAttribute ("data-ssoSiteid", "11"); var body = document.getElementsByTagName ("body"). item ( 0); body.appendChild (script);}) () / * * It is recommended to modify the style of the article without a picture * * / $ (". Article .thumb"). Each (function () {if ($ (this). find ('img'). attr ('src') == "") {$ (this) .find ('img'). remove (); $ (this) .parent (). css ('padding-left ',' 0px ');}}); / * Baidu share * / window._bd_share_config = {common: {bdText: '', // Custom share content bdDesc: '', // Custom share summary bdUrl: window.location.href, // Custom share URL address bdPic: ''} , share: [{"bdSize": 60, "bdCustomStyle": true}]} with (document) 0 [(getElementsByTagName ('head') [0] || body) .appendChild (createElement ('script')). src = 'http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?cdnversion=' + ~ (-new Date () / 36e5)]; var add_url = '/ d / article / write / '; // var check_allow = "{: U (' Api / iscantalk ')}"; var check_allow = "/ d / api / iscantalk"; var click_items_length = $ ('. art_click_count '). length; if ( click_items_length> 0) {var id_str = ''; $ ('. art_click_count'). each (function () {id_str + = $ (this) .attr ('data-id') + ',';}) // var url = "{: U ('Api / getclickbyids')}"; var url = "/ d / api / getclickbyids"; var id_data = 'id_str =' + id_str; $ .ajax ({url: url, data: id_data, type: 'post', dataType: 'json', success: function (re) {if (re.list.length> = 1) {var list = re.list; for (var i in list) {var t emp_id = list [i] ['id']; var temp_span = $ (". art_click_count [data-id =" + temp_id + "]") temp_span.html (list [i] ['click']);}} }})} $ ("# comContent"). click (function () {if (now_uid == '') {$ .tActivityLogin (); return false;}}) $ (function () {var follow_wrap = $ ( ".author-collect"); var now_uid = "{$ _super ['uid']}"; var face_src = "{$ _super ['uface']}"; var getFollowNum = $ (". followNum strong"). html (); // Follow $ (window) .on ('click', '.author-collect', function () {if (now_uid == '') {$ .tActivityLogin (); return false;} if ( $ (this) .attr ('id') == 'follow') {$ .post ('/ d / user / follow', {tuid: article_user_id}, function (data) {// Data format returned: if (data.status == "successed") {$ (". followNum strong"). html (++ getFollowNum); follow_wrap.html ('followed'). attr ('id', 'cancelFollow'). css ( 'background', '# 999'); var follow_user = ' '; $ (' # follow_list '). append (follow_user);} if (data.status == "failed") {alert (data.msg);}});} else {// Unfollow if ($ ( this) .attr ('id') == 'cancelFollow') {$ .post ('/ d / user / cancelFollow', {tuid: article_user_id}, function (data) {// Data format returned: if (data .status == "successed") {follow_wrap.html ('Follow'). attr ('id', 'follow'). css ('background', '# f90'); $ (". followNum strong"). html (-getFollowNum); $ ('# follow_list .face'). each (function () {var target_uid = $ (this) .attr ('data-uid'); if (target_uid == now_uid) {$ ( this) .remove ();}})} if (data.status == "failed") {alert (data.msg);}}); return false;}}});});}); / * var myface = "{$ _super ['uid'] | avatar}"; var myname = "{$ _super ['username']}"; var article_id = {$ article ['id']}; var article_user_id = {$ article ['mid']}; // Article author ID $ (function () {<notempty name = "clearnum"> // Reduce the number of reminders var count = parseInt ($ ("# noticeCount"). html ()); count = count-{$ clearnum}; $ ("# noticeCount"). html (count); if ( count
Privacy statement: Your privacy is very important to Us. Our company promises not to disclose your personal information to any external company with out your explicit permission.
We will contact you immediately
Fill in more information so that we can get in touch with you faster
Privacy statement: Your privacy is very important to Us. Our company promises not to disclose your personal information to any external company with out your explicit permission.
![[Photo] Basic knowledge of antenna](http://i.bosscdn.com/blog/20/06/41/5211351344.jpg)
